Master the Long Saz: A Comprehensive Guide from Tuning to Strumming

The long saz, also known as the bağlama, is a traditional Turkish stringed instrument with a rich history and a distinctive sound. Learning to play this instrument involves mastering various techniques, from tuning to strumming. This detailed guide will help you understand the fundamentals of playing the long saz and provide you with the skills needed to start your musical journey.

Understanding the Long Saz

The long saz is a type of lute with a long neck and a pear-shaped body. It typically has seven strings arranged in courses, usually in pairs. The instrument is played with a plectrum called a “mizrap” or “tezen,” and it produces a bright, resonant sound.

Tuning the Long Saz

Tuning the long saz is the first and most crucial step in learning to play. The instrument is usually tuned in a specific pattern, but there are several variations depending on the regional styles and the preferences of the player.

1. Standard Tuning: The most common tuning is A-D-G, where the lowest course is tuned to A, the middle course to D, and the highest course to G.
2. Alternative Tunings: Other tunings include G-D-A and C-G-D, which can be used to achieve different tonal qualities.

To tune your saz:

• Use an electronic tuner for accuracy.
• Adjust the tuning pegs slowly and carefully.
• Ensure each string is in harmony with the others.

Basic Playing Techniques

1. Holding the Saz: Sit comfortably with the saz resting on your thigh. The neck should be at an angle, allowing easy access to the frets.
2. Strumming (Tezene Technique): Use a mizrap to strum the strings. The movement should be fluid and relaxed, striking the strings evenly.
3. Finger Positioning: Place your fingers on the fretboard with the tips pressing down the strings. Practice moving your fingers smoothly between frets.

Learning Basic Chords and Scales

Start by learning simple chords and scales. These are the building blocks of saz music:

• Major and Minor Chords: Practice forming and transitioning between major and minor chords.
• Turkish Scales (Makamlar): Familiarize yourself with traditional Turkish scales such as Hüseyni, Rast, and Uşşak.

Practice Routines

Consistent practice is key to mastering the long saz. Here are some tips:

• Daily Practice: Dedicate at least 30 minutes each day to practice.
• Slow and Steady: Start slowly, focusing on accuracy before speed.
• Listen and Learn: Listen to traditional saz music to understand different styles and techniques.

Advanced Techniques

As you become more comfortable with the basics, you can start exploring advanced techniques:

• Arpeggios: Practice playing individual notes of chords in a sequence.
• Ornamentation: Learn to add embellishments like trills and slides to your playing.
• Improvisation: Experiment with improvising within the scales and chord progressions you have learned.